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The Spectroscopic Pipeline

Introduction and Resources

The Early Data Release (EDR) paper is the fundamental resource for understanding the processing and data products from the SDSS, describing the pipelines and contents of generated data products. Successive data release papers: DR1, DR2, DR3, DR4, DR5, DR6, DR7 and DR8, describe changes between data releases. The technical summary provides more general information on the SDSS-I survey. The SDSS Project Book, written for a funding proposal early in the survey, is the most exhaustive description of the survey but was last updated in 1997. The SDSS and SDSS-III web pages list the technical publications.

The algorithms page includes links to pages describing algorithms used by the spectroscopic data reduction pipelines. This page provides a summary of those steps and the associated output files.

The remainder of this page starts with a brief overview of spectroscopic data processing, followed by sections that describe the steps in data processing in detail. In addition to the more detailed description, each section provides references to papers that give additional details, and a table of the files associated with that step of the pipeline that can be found in the SAS. These tables include links to the file format documentation (the "data model") and templates which can be used to generate SAS URLs for those files. The templates are in "C printf" format, and can be used in C, bash, Python, and many other languages to automatically generate URLs.

Most of the catalog data (but not the spectra themselves) have been loaded into the Catalog Archive Server (CAS) database. Users are often better off obtaining SDSS data through a carefully constructed CAS query than they are downloading the data files from the SAS. Simple queries can be used to select just the objects and parameters of interest, while more complex queries can be used to do complex calculations on many objects, thereby avoiding the need to download the data on them at all.

Overview

Notes

Spectroscopic Observing

Plate Plugging (plug)

When the observatory is ready to observe a plate, the observatory staff plugs optical fibers into the holes drilled into the plates, and maps which fiber corresponds to which hole (and therefore which object) by shining light through each fiber. This data is incorporated into one of the HDUs of the spPlate file described below.

Raw Data Collection

Observers mount cartridges containing the drilled, plugged plates on the telescope, and collect a series of 15-minute exposures on each plate until it reached a threshold estimated signal to noise ratio and at least three exposures had been collected.

SAS files generated in spectroscopic data collection
File Type in/out Description URL format format parameters
sdReport out records exposures collected on a night Not public
sdR out raw spectroscopic data frames sdss/spectro/data/%d/sdR-%c%d-%08d.fit.gz
mjd, CCD (r or b), camera (1 or 2), exposure id

Spectroscopic Data Reduction

The idlspec2d software has two major pipeline steps:

Two-dimensional Pipeline (spec2d)

References: 2002AJ....123..485S, section 4.10.1

The spec2d pipeline reads science and calibration exposures from the spectrographs, reduces and calibrates the science exposures, extracts the one dimensional spectra from the two dimensional exposures, stacks multiple exposures into combined spectra, and produces corresponding masks and noise estimates.

SAS files used or generated by the spectro2d pipeline
File Type in/out Description URL format format parameters
spPlan2d in the spectro2d processing plan sdss/spectro/redux/%d/%04d/spPlan2d-%04d-%d.par rerun, plate, plate, mjd
spPlancomb in the processing plan for combining spectra sdss/spectro/redux/%d/%04d/spPlancomd-%04d-%d.par rerun, plate, plate, mjd
plPlugMapM in records which fiber corresponds to which hole in a plate (and therefore objects, and what coordinates on the sky) Not public
sdReport in records exposures collected on a night Not public
sdR in raw spectroscopic data frames sdss/spectro/data/%d/sdR-%c%d-%08d.fit.gz mjd, CCD (r or b), camera (1 or 2), exposure id
spCFrame out calibrated spectra for a single CCD and exposure sdss/spectro/redux/%d/%04d/spCFrame-%c%d-%08d.par rerun, plate, CCD (r or b), camera, exposure id
spPlate out the 640 (SDSS) or 1000 (BOSS) combined flux- and wavelength-calibrated spectra over all exposures (potentially spanning multiple nights) for a given mapped plate sdss/spectro/redux/%s/%04d/spPlate-%04d-%d.fits run2d, plate, plate, mjd

One-dimensional Pipeline (spec1d)

The spec1d pipeline produces the following files:

SAS files generated by the Princeton 1D pipeline
File Type in/out Description URL format format parameters
spZline out emission line fits sdss/spectro/redux/%d/%04d/spZline-%04d-%d.fits rerun, plate, plate, mjd
spZall out all spectroscopic classifications and redshifts sdss/spectro/redux/%d/%04d/spZall-%04d-%d.fits rerun, plate, plate, mjd
spZbest out spectroscopic classifications and redshifts sdss/spectro/redux/%d/%04d/spZbest-%04d-%d.fits rerun, plate, plate, mjd

Per-object spec files

NEW with DR9: The pipeline also provides a reformatting of the same spectral data into one file per PLATE-MJD-FIBER, including the coadded spectra from spPlate, the emission line fits from spZline, the redshifts and classifications from spZall and spZbest, and optionally the individual exposure spectra from spCFrame. These are useful when you need all of the information for a small subset of objects.

File Type in/out Description URL format format parameters
spec out All spectral information for a single PLATE-MJD-FIBER sdss/spectro/redux/%d/spectra/%04d/spec-%04d-%05d-%04d.fits run2d, plate, plate, mjd, fiber
speclite out All spectral information for a single PLATE-MJD-FIBER except the individual exposures sdss/spectro/redux/%d/spectra/lite/%04d/spec-%04d-%05d-%04d.fits run2d, plate, plate, mjd, fiber

Stellar Parameters Pipeline (sspp)

References: 2008AJ....136.2022L, 2008AJ....136.2050L, 2008AJ....136.2070A

The SEGUE stellar parameters pipeline produces a number of files, stored together:

SAS files used or generated by the SSPP pipeline
File Type in/out Description URL format format parameters
ssppOut out SSPP stellar parameters ([Fe/H], log g, etc.) sdss/sspp/%d/%04d/output/param/ssppOut-%04d-%5d.fit rerun, plate, plate, mjd
ssppOut_lineindex out SSPP line indices sdss/sspp/%d/%04d/output/param/ssppOut-%04d-%5d.lineindex.fit rerun, plate, plate, mjd